The History Place - Irish Potato Famine: Coffin Ships
Coffin Ships
During the Famine period, an estimated half-million
Irish were evicted from their cottages. Unscrupulous landlords used two
methods to remove their penniless tenants. The first involved applying
for a legal judgment against the male head of a family owing back-rent.
After the local barrister pronounced judgment, the man would be thrown
in jail and his wife and children dumped out on the streets. A 'notice
to appear' was usually enough to cause most pauper families to flee and
they were handed out by the hundreds.
The second method was for the landlord to simply
pay to send pauper families overseas to British North America. Landlords
would first make phony promises of money, food and clothing, then pack
the half-naked people in overcrowded British sailing ships, poorly built
and often unseaworthy, that became known as coffin ships.
The first coffin ships headed for Quebec, Canada.
The three thousand mile journey, depending on winds and the captain's skill,
could take from 40 days to three months. Upon arrival in the Saint Lawrence
River, the ships were supposed to be inspected for disease and any sick
passengers removed to quarantine facilities on Grosse Isle, a small island
thirty miles downstream from Quebec City.
But in the spring of 1847, shipload after shipload
of fevered Irish arrived, quickly overwhelming the small medical inspection
facility, which only had 150 beds. By June, 40 vessels containing 14,000
Irish immigrants waited in a line extending two miles down the St. Lawrence.
It took up to five days to see a doctor, many of whom were becoming ill
from contact with the typhus-infected passengers. By the summer, the line
of ships had grown several miles long. A fifteen-day general quarantine
was then imposed for all of the waiting ships. Many healthy Irish thus
succumbed to typhus as they were forced to remain in their lice-infested
holds. With so many dead on board the waiting ships, hundreds of bodies
were simply dumped overboard into the St. Lawrence.
Others, half-alive, were placed in small boats
and then deposited on the beach at Grosse Isle, left to crawl to the hospital
on their hands and knees if they could manage. Thousands of Irish, ill
with typhus and dysentery, eventually wound up in hastily constructed wooden
fever sheds. These makeshift hospitals, badly understaffed and unsanitary,
simply became places to die, with corpses piled &like cordwood&
in nearby mass graves. Those who couldn't get into the hospital died along
the roadsides. In one case, an orphaned Irish boy walking along the road
with other boys sat down for a moment under a tree to rest and promptly
died on the spot.
The quarantine efforts were soon abandoned and
the Irish were sent on to their next destination without any medical inspection
or treatment. From Grosse Isle, the Irish were given free passage up the
St. Lawrence to Montreal and cities such as Kingston and Toronto. The crowded
open-aired river barges used to transport them exposed the fair-skinned
Irish to all-day-long summer sun causing many bad sunburns. At night, they
laid down close to each other to ward off the chilly air, spreading more
lice and fever.
Many pauper families had been told by their landlords
that once they arrived in Canada, an agent would meet them and pay out
between two and five pounds depending on the size of the family. But no
agents were ever found. Promises of money, food and clothing had been utterly
false. Landlords knew that once the paupers arrived in Canada there was
virtually no way for them to ever return to Ireland and make a claim. Thus
they had promised them anything just to get them out of the country.
Montreal received the biggest influx of Irish
during this time. Many of those arriving were quite ill from typhus and
long-term malnutrition. Montreal's limited medical facilities at Point
St. Charles were quickly overwhelmed. Homeless Irish wandered the countryside
begging for help as temperatures dropped and the frosty Canadian winter
set in. But they were shunned everywhere by Canadians afraid of contracting
Of the 100,000 Irish that sailed to British North
America in 1847, an estimated one out of five died from disease and malnutrition,
including over five thousand at Grosse Isle.
Up to half of the men that survived the journey
to Canada walked across the border to begin their new lives in America.
They had no desire to live under the Union Jack flag in sparsely populated
British North America. They viewed the United States with its anti-British
tradition and its bustling young cities as the true land of opportunity.
Many left their families behind in Canada until they had a chance to establish
themselves in the U.S.
Americans, unfortunately, not only had an anti-British
tradition dating back to the Revolutionary era, but also had an anti-Catholic
tradition dating back to the Puritan era. America in the 1840s was a nation
of about 23 million inhabitants, mainly Protestant. Many of the Puritan
descendants now viewed the growing influx of Roman Catholic Irish with
increasing dismay.
One way to limit immigration was to make it more
expensive to get to America. Ports along the eastern seaboard of the U.S.
required a bond to be posted by the captain of a ship guaranteeing that
his passengers would not become wards of the city. Passenger fares to the
U.S. in 1847 were up to three times higher than fares to Canada. The British
government intentionally kept fares to Quebec low to encourage the Irish
to populate Canada and also to discourage them from emigrating to England.
Passenger Acts
American ships were held to higher standards than
British ships by the U.S. Passenger Acts, a set of laws passed by Congress
regulating the number of passengers ships coming to America could carry
as well as their minimal accommodations. Congress reacted to the surge
of Irish immigration by tightening the laws, reducing the number of passengers
allowed per ship, thereby increasing fares. America, congressmen had complained,
was becoming Europe's &poor house.&
British shipping laws, by contrast, were lax.
Ships of every shape and size sailed from Liverpool and other ports crammed
full of people up to double each ship's capacity. In one case, an unseaworthy
ship full of Irish sailed out of port then sank within sight of those on
land who had just said farewell to the
emigrants.
During the trans-Atlantic voyage, British ships
were only required to supply 7 lbs. of food per week per passenger. Most
passengers, it was assumed, would bring along their own food for the journey.
But most of the poor Irish boarded ships with no food, depending entirely
on the pound-a-day handout which amounted to starvation rations. Food on
board was also haphazardly cooked in makeshift brick fireplaces and was
often undercooked, causing upset stomachs and diarrhea.
Many of the passengers were already ill with typhus
as they boarded the ships. Before boarding, they had been given the once-over
by doctors on shore who usually rejected no one for the trip, even those
seemingly on the verge of death. British ships were not required to carry
doctors. Anyone that died during the sea voyage was simply dumped overboard,
without any religious rites.
Belowdecks, hundreds of men, women and children
huddled together in the dark on bare wooden floors with no ventilation,
breathing a stench of vomit and the effects of diarrhea amid
no sanitary facilities. On ships that actually had sleeping berths, there
were no mattresses and the berths were never cleaned. Many sick persons
remained in bare wooden bunks lying in their own filth for the entire voyage,
too ill to get up.
Another big problem was the lack of good drinking
water. Sometimes the water was stored in leaky old wooden casks, or in
casks that previously stored wine, vinegar or chemicals which contaminated
the water and caused dysentery. Many ships ran out of water long before
reaching North America, making life especially miserable for fevered passengers
suffering from burning thirsts. Some unscrupulous captains profited by
selling large amounts of alcohol to the passengers, resulting in &totally
depraved and corrupted& behavior among them.
Refuge in Britain
The poorest of the poor never made it to North
America. They fled Irish estates out of fear of imprisonment then begged
all the way to Dublin or other seaports on the East Coast of Ireland. Once
there, they boarded steamers and crossed the Irish Sea to Liverpool, Glasgow,
and South Wales. It was a short trip, just two or three hours and cost
only a few shillings. Pauper families sometimes traveled for free as human
ballast on empty coal ships. Others were given fare money by landlords
hoping to get rid of them cheaply. Relief funds intended for the purchase
of food were sometimes diverted to pay for the fares.
For many Irishmen, crossing the sea to England
was a familiar journey since they regularly worked in the harvest fields
of England as seasonal laborers. But for their wives and children, it was
a jarring experience. Crewmen scorned and herded them like animals onto
crammed decks until the boat was dangerously overloaded. In one case, a
crowded steamer heading for Liverpool arrived with 72 dead aboard. The
captain had ordered the hatches battened down during a storm at sea and
they had all suffocated.
Despite the dangers, the Irish knew that once
they landed on Britain's shores they would not starve to death. Unlike
Ireland, food handouts were freely available throughout the country. The
quality of the food was also superior to the meager rations handed out
in Ireland's soup kitchens and workhouses.
The Irish first headed for Liverpool, a city with
a pre-famine population of about 250,000, many of whom were unskilled laborers.
During the first wave of famine emigration, from January to June of 1847,
an estimated 300,000 destitute Irish arrived in Liverpool, overwhelming
the city. The financial burden of feeding the Irish every day soon brought
the city to the brink of ruin. Sections of the city featuring cheap lodging
houses became jammed. Overflow crowds moved into musty cellars, condemned
and abandoned buildings, or anywhere they could just lie down. Amid these
densely packed, unsanitary conditions, typhus once again reared its ugly
head and an epidemic followed, accompanied by an outbreak of dysentery.
The cheap lodging houses were also used by scores
of Irish waiting to embark on ships heading for North America. Three out
of four Irish sailing for North America departed from the seaport at Liverpool.
Normally they had to sleep over for a night or two until their ship was
ready to sail. Many of these emigrants contracted typhus in the rundown,
lice-infested lodging houses, then boarded ships, only to spend weeks suffering
from burning fever out at sea.
On June 21, 1847, the British government, intending
to aid besieged Liverpool, passed a tough new law allowing local authorities
to deport homeless Irish back to Ireland. Within days, the first boatloads
of paupers were being returned to Dublin and Cork, then abandoned on the
docks. Orders for removal were issued by the hundreds. About 15,000 Irish
were dragged out of filthy cellars and lodging houses and sent home even
if they were ill with fever.
By the fall of 1847, the numbers of Irish entering
Liverpool had slowed considerably and the housing crisis abated. Glasgow,
the second major port of entry, also resorted to deporting the Irish due
to similar overcrowding and fever outbreaks. The Irish then headed into
the Lowlands and Edinburgh where yet another fever outbreak occurred. Everyone
feared fever and thus shunned the Irish no matter how much they pleaded
for help. Working men also viewed them as rivals for unskilled jobs.
To avoid deportation, the Irish moved further
into the interior of England, Scotland and Wales. But wherever they went
they were unwelcome. For the unfortunate Irish deported back home, the
worst was yet to come.
Copyright & 2000 The History Place™ All Rights Reserved
Terms of use: Private home/school non-commercial, non-Internet
re-usage only is allowed of any text, graphics, photos, audio clips, other
electronic files or materials from The History Place.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
character, see .
Naomi Elaine Campbell (born 22 May 1970) is an English model. Recruited at the age of 15, she established herself among the top three most recognisable and in-demand models of the late 1980s and the 1990s, and was one of six models of her generation declared "" by the fashion industry.
In addition to her modelling career, Campbell has embarked on other ventures, which include an - studio album and several acting appearances in film and television, such as the modelling competition reality show
and its international offshoots. Campbell is also involved in charity work for various causes. Her personal life is widely reported, particularly her relationships with prominent men, including boxer
and actor , and four highly publicised convictions for .
Campbell was born in , , the daughter of Jamaican-born dancer Valerie Morris. In accordance with her mother's wishes, Campbell has never met her father, who abandoned her mother when she was four months pregnant and was unnamed on her birth certificate. She took on the surname Campbell from her mother's second marriage. Her half-brother, Pierre, was born in 1985. Campbell is of
descent, as well as of
ancestry through her paternal grandmother, who carried the family name "Ming".
During her early years, Campbell lived in Rome, where her mother worked as a . Following their return to London, she was left in the care of relatives while her mother travelled across Europe with the dance troupe Fantastica. From the age of three, Campbell attended the Barbara Speake Stage School, and at ten years old, she was accepted into the , where she studied ballet.
Campbell's first public appearance came at the age of seven, in 1978, when she was featured in the music video for 's "". At the age of twelve, she tap-danced in the music video for 's "". In 1986, while still a student of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, Campbell was scouted by Beth Boldt, head of the Synchro Model Agency, while window-shopping in . Her career quickly took off—in April, just before her sixteenth birthday, she appeared on the cover of British .
Over the next few years, Campbell's success grew steadily: she walked the catwalk for such designers as , , and , and posed for such photographers as , , and . By the late 1980s, Campbell, with
and , formed a trio known as the "Trinity", who became the most recognisable and in-demand models of their generation.
When faced with discrimination, Campbell received supp she later quoted Turlington and Evangelista as telling , "If you don't use Naomi, you don't get us." In December 1987, she appeared on the cover of British , as that publication's first black cover girl since 1966. In August 1988, she became the first black model to appear on the cover of French , after her friend and mentor, designer , threatened to withdraw his advertising from the magazine if it continued to refuse to place black models on its cover. The following year, she appeared on the cover of American , which marked the first time a black model graced the front of the September issue, traditionally the year's biggest and most important issue.
In January 1990, Campbell, who was declared "the reigning megamodel of them all" by , appeared with Christy Turlington, Linda Evangelista, , and
on an iconic cover of British Vogue, shot by Peter Lindbergh. The group was subsequently cast to star in the music video for 's "". By then, Campbell, Turlington, Evangelista, Crawford, and
formed an elite group of models declared "supermodels" by the fashion industry. With the addition of newcomer , they were collectively known as the "Big Six".
In March 1991, in a defining moment of the so-called supermodel era, Campbell walked the catwalk for
with Turlington, Evangelista, and Crawford, arm-in-arm and lip-synching the words to "Freedom! '90". Later that year, she starred as 's love interest in the music video for "". In September 1991, she became the first black model to appear on the cover of
magazine.[] In April 1992, she posed with several other top models for the hundredth-anniversary cover of American Vogue, shot by . That same year, she appeared in 's controversial book , in a set of nude photos with Madonna and rapper .
In 1993, Campbell twice appeared on the cover of American Vogue; in April, alongside Christy Turlington, Claudia Schiffer, , and , and again, solo, in June. She famously fell on the catwalk in 's foot-high platform shoes, which were later displayed at the
in London. Despite her success, however, , which had represented Campbell since 1987, fired her in September, on the grounds that "no amount of money or prestige could further justify the abuse" to staff and clients. Elite founder John Casablancas described her as "manipulative, scheming, rude, and impossible."
In the mid-1990s, Campbell branched out into other areas of the entertainment industry. Her novel Swan, about a supermodel dealing with blackmail, was released in 1994 to poor reviews. It was
by Caroline Upcher, with Campbell explaining that she "just did not have the time to sit down and write a book." That same year, she released her album , which was named after designer 's nickname for Campbell. Produced by
and , the album was only commercially successful in J it failed to reach the top 75 on the UK charts, while its only single, "Love and Tears", reached No. 40. Baby Woman was mocked by critics, inspiring the
for terrible pop music. In 1995, along with fellow models Claudia Schiffer, Christy Turlington, and , Campbell invested in a chain of res the venture was on the edge of bankruptcy by 1998. During this time, Campbell also had small roles in
and 's , as well as a recurring role on the second season of .
Campbell on the catwalk for
declared the end of the supermodel era. By then, Campbell had mostly retired from the catwalk, but she continued print modelling. In 1999, she signed her first cosmetics contract with Cosmopolitan Cosmetics, a division of , through which she launched several signature fragrances. In November of that year, she posed with twelve other top models for the "Modern Muses" cover of the Millennium Issue of American Vogue, shot by . The following month, she appeared in a white string bikini and furs on the cover of . In October 2001, she appeared with rapper
on the cover of British Vogue, with the headline "Naomi and Puff: The Ultimate Power Duo".
After more than two decades as a model, Campbell remains in demand. In 2007, she walked the catwalk for 's sixtieth-anniversary fashion show at . In July 2008, she appeared with fellow black models , , and
on the gatefold cover of a landmark all-black issue of Italian , shot by . In September of that year, Campbell reunited with Christy Turlington, Linda Evangelista, Cindy Crawford, Claudia Schiffer, and Stephanie Seymour for "A League of Their Own", a
feature on the supermodel legacy.
In 2011, Campbell appeared with Liya Kebede and
on the cover of the fortieth-anniversary issue of . She also starred as
in the band's music video for "Girl Panic!", with Cindy Crawford, Helena Christensen, , and
portraying th they appeared in the November edition of British
in an editorial titled "The Supers vs. Duran Duran". Campbell performed with Kate Moss and other supermodels in the closing ceremony of the , where they modelled haute couture to represent British fashion. Campbell wore a design by —a staggered hem gown with a train speckled with flecks of gold.
In 2013, Campbell became involved in
through the modelling competition
and its international offshoots. In the U.S., she served as a coach and judge, along with
and , on 's , hosted by photographer . She also hosted
of the show, which aired on
later that same year, and , which ran on
In 2014, Campbell covered the May issue of Vogue Australia, the September issue of Vogue Japan, and the November issue of Vogue T the latter two were special editions celebrating Campbell and fellow supermodels. Campbell also covered the Vietnamese, Singaporean and the 35th anniversary Latin American edition of Harper's Bazaar. The following year, she closed the Fall/Winter
show at New York Fashion Week, and featured in Spring/Summer 2015 campaigns for
and lingerie retailer .
In 2015, Campbell signed on as a recurring character in the
as Camilla Marks, a fashion designer and love interest to Hakeem Lyon, portrayed by . In October 2015, Campbell was featured in a two episode arc in , as a
fashion editor named Claudia Bankson.
In 2016 Campbell appeared in the music video for
the single "".
Despite her status as the most famous black model of her time, Campbell never earned the same volume of advertising assignments as her white colleagues, and she was not signed by a cosmetics company until as late as 1999. In 1991, she revealed, "I may be considered one of the top models in the world, but in no way do I make the same money as any of them." Throughout her career, Campbell has been outspoken against the racial bias that exists in the fashion industry. In 1997, she stated, "There is prejudice. It is a problem and I can't go along any more with brushing it under the carpet. This business is about selling, and blonde and blue-eyed girls are what sells." A decade later, she again spoke out against discrimination, stating, "The American president may be black, but as a black woman, I am still an exception in this business. I always have to work harder to be treated equally." In 2013, Campbell joined fellow black models
in an advocacy group called "Diversity Coalition". In an open letter to the governing bodies of global fashion weeks, they named high-profile designers who used just one or no models of color in their fall 2013 shows, calling it a "racist act".
Campbell during a meeting with Argentine president
Campbell is involved with several charitable causes. She supports the , for which she organised a benefit
fashion show in 1998. Held at 's South African presidential residence, the show was the subject of a documentary titled FashionKingdom, or alternatively, Naomi Conquers Africa. Campbell, whose mother has battled breast cancer, also supports . In 2004, she was featured on 's charity single , as well as in the accompanying music video, of which all profits were donated to Breakthrough. She appeared in a print and media campaign for the charity's fundraising initiative Fashion Targets Breast Cancer, and she opened a Breakthrough breast cancer research unit in 2009.
Campbell at the
In 2005, Campbell founded the charity We Love Brazil, which aims to raise awareness and funds to fight poverty in Brazil through the sale of fabrics made by local women. That same year, Campbell founded the charity Fashion for Relief, which has organised fund-raising fashion shows to benefit victims of
in 2005, the
in 2008, the
in 2010, and the
in 2011. By 2011, Fashion for Relief had reportedly raised ?4.5 million. In 2012, the charity teamed up with
China and leading global and Chinese fashion designers, including
and , to design Chinese-themed T-shirts to help fund its efforts and the various international charities it works with. Since 2007, Campbell has been the honorary president of Athla Onlus, an Italian organisation that works to further the social integration of young people with learning disabilities. In 2009, Campbell became a goodwill ambassador for the . She has since joined the charity's patron, , the wife of former British prime minister , on several missions to promote maternal health.
Campbell has received recognition for her charitable work. In 2007, she was named an ambassador of Rio de Janeiro by mayor
in recognition of her efforts to fight poverty in Brazil. In 2009, she was awarded Honorary Patronage of 's
for her charitable and professional work. In 2010, Sarah Brown presented her with an "Outstanding Contribution" award from British
for her work as an ambassador for the White Ribbon Alliance, as well as her work in the fashion industry.
Campbell has been convicted of assault on four occasions, after she was accused 11 times of committing acts of violence against employees, associates, and other individuals between 1998 and 2009. During the first such case, heard in February 2000, Campbell pleaded guilty in Toronto to assaulting her personal assistant with a mobile phone in September 1998. Campbell paid her former employee an undisclosed sum and agreed to attend ange her record was cleared in exchange for her expressing remorse. By 2006, eight other employees and associates had come forward with claims of abuse. During this time, Campbell was photographed wearing a
T-shirt that read "Naomi Hit Me...and I Loved It".
In January 2007, Campbell pleaded guilty in New York to assaulting her former housekeeper, who had accused Campbell of throwing a
personal organiser at her in March 2006. Campbell was sentenced to pay her former employee's medical expenses, attend an anger management program, and perform five days of community service with New York's sanitation department. She attended her community service wearing designer outfits, including fedoras, furs, and—upon completion of her sentence—a silver sequined
gown. Campbell detailed her community service experience in a
feature titled "The Naomi Diaries", and subsequently spoofed herself in a
commercial, directed by , which showed her breaking her heel while gardening and throwing it through a window.
In June 2008, Campbell pleaded guilty to assaulting two police officers at she had kicked and spat at the officers following an argument about her lost luggage. She was sentenced to 200 hours of community service and fined ?2,300, and was banned for life from . In July 2015, Campbell was sentenced to six months' probation by a Sicilian court for her August 2009 assault on a pa she had hit him with her handbag for taking pictures of her and her then-partner.
In August 2010, Campbell made a highly publicised appearance at a war crimes trial against former Liberian president
in . She was called to give evidence on a "" she allegedly received from Taylor during a
function in 1997. Campbell initially refused to testify, and—after being subpoenaed—told the court that being there was "a big inconvenience" for her. She testified that she was given "dirty-looking" stones late at night by two unidentified men, and claimed she did not know the diamonds had originated from Taylor until being told so the next morning by a fellow attendee, actress . However, her account was contradicted by testimonies from Farrow, her former agent , and former Children's Fund director Jeremy Ratcliffe.
Campbell with her partner
Campbell, who has never met her biological father, regards record producers
as adopted father figures. Former South African president
referred to Campbell as his "honorary granddaughter". She first met Mandela in November 1994, after his party, the , invited her to travel to South Africa to meet with their leader. She had previously donated the proceeds from a photo shoot in Tanzania to the ANC. Over the years, Campbell has lent support to many of Mandela's political campaigns and humanitarian causes.
Campbell has never married. She dated boxer
in the late 1980s, followed by an
with actor
in the early 1990s. In 1993, she became engaged to
bassist . They met in February of that year, after Clayton, when asked in an interview if there was anything in the world he desired but did not have, responded: "A date with Naomi Campbell". Campbell and Clayton separated the following year. She then dated dancer
in the mid to late 1990s. In 1998, she became enga they were involved in an on-again-off-again relationship until their separation in 2003. Campbell now considers Briatore her "mentor". In 2002, they remain friends to this day. She dated businessman
in the mid-2000s. In 2008, Campbell began a relationship with R they separated in 2013 after five years together.
In 1999, Campbell entered rehab after a five-year addiction to cocaine. Of her choice, in 1994, to first use the drug, Campbell said in 2005, "I was having fun. I was living this life of travelling the world and having people just give you anything. [But] the little glow in your face goes....It's a very nasty drug." In 2002, Campbell successfully claimed a breach of confidence against the , after the newspaper published a report of her drug addiction, including a photograph of her leaving a
meeting. The
ordered ?3,500 in damages from the Daily Mirror. Later that year the ruling was overturned by the , which ordered Campbell to pay the newspaper's ?350,000 legal costs, but in 2004 the
reinstated the High Court ruling and damages.
Since 1999, Naomi Campbell has released sixteen fragrances for women via her
perfume house, under the
List of perfumes, showing year released and perfumers
Naomi Campbell
Ursula Wandel
Dorothee Piot
Ursula Wandel
Olivier Cresp
Olivier Pescheux
Paradise Passion
Francoise Caron
Winter Kiss (limited edition)
Cat Deluxe
Michael Almairac
Eternal Beauty (limited edition)
Cat Deluxe at Night
Seductive Elixir
Cat Deluxe With Kisses
Naomi Campbell Wild Pearl
Naomi Campbell at Night
Queen of Gold
Swan (1994)
Top Model (1994)
Naomi (1996)
Naomi Campbell (2016)
List of film appearances, showing year released and role
Singer at First Club
The Night We Never Met
French Cheese Shopper
Girl at China Bowl restaurant
Anyone for Pennis?
Cindy Carmichael
Attendant #2
Naomi Shaffer
Prisoner of Love
Monstrous Bosses and How to Be One
Sales Assistant
Dark Angel - The Evil
Short film, online only
Karma, Confessions and Holi
List of television appearances, showing year released and role
Models: The Film
Top Models: Once Upon a Time
U2: Love Is Blindness
Naomi Campbell
Uncredited
List of television appearances, showing year released and role
The Chiffy Kids
Snow White
2 episodes
2 episodes
6 episodes
2 episodes
Catwalk model
Lena Savage
Supermodel mentor, also executive producer
Camilla Marks
Recurring Role
Claudia Bankson
2 episodes
List of music video appearances, showing year released, original artist(s) and director(s)
Original Artist(s)
Director(s)
Fabien Baron
Kevin Godley
"Girl Panic!"
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
Naomi Campbell's 1990 zed card: . The Fashion Spot 2014.
. Vogue. Archived from
on January 22, .
. Vogue 2011.
Frankel, Susannah (16 February 2002). .
(Independent Print Limited).   2011.
. . 26 February .
Bearn, Emily (9 August 2003). .
Langley, Richard (23 May 2010). .
Blunden, Mark (21 March 2011). .
. People 2011.
. People 2011.
Pool, Hannah (22 August 2007). .
(Guardian News and Media).   2011.
Collins, Nick (5 August 2010). . The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group).   2011.
Sporkin, Elizabeth (11 June 1990). .
(Time, Inc).   2011.
. Vogue 2011.
Milmo, Dan (12 February 2002). .
(Guardian News and Media).   2011.
Green, Michelle (11 October 1993). .
(Time, Inc).   2011.
. Irish Independent. 19 January .
Barnes, Anthony (26 March 2006). .
(Independent Print Limited).   2011.
. The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). 13 January 2005.   2011.
Trebay, Guy (8 September 2010). .
(The New York Times Company).   2011.
Pieri, Kerry (4 November 2011). .
Sparks, Alannah (12 August 2012). .
Richford, Rhonda (11 October 2013). . The Hollywood Reporter 2015.
Kilby, Penelope (24 April 2014). . Daily Mail Australia 2015.
. Pop Sugar 2015.
Brown, N. .
Hendrix, Kelsey. . Sports Illustrated 2015.
Fleming, Olivia. . Daily Mail 2015.
Bianca, London. . Daily Mail 2015.
Sowray, Bibby (19 March 2013). . telegraph.co.uk 2015.
Messana, Paola (26 October 2009). .
(Myanmar Consolidated Media Co. Ltd.) 2011.
. ABC News. 9 September .
. . 12 February .
. . 21 June .
. . 29 March .
. Breakthrough.org.uk. 12 February .
McKane, Melanie (25 January 2007). . StarBlogs.net 2011.
. The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). 15 May 2011.   2011.
. The Daily Telegraph (Jing Daily). 9 November .
Meloni, Rita (13 November 2007). . Beta.AfroOnline.org 2011.
Byrne, Lisa (13 January 2009). .
. The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). 23 February 2010.   2011.
. BBC News. 3 February .
Pesce, Nicole Lyn (29 May 2008). .
(Mortimer Zuckerman) 2011.
Hartocollis, Anemona (17 January 2007). . The New York Times 2015.
Tibbetts, Graham (20 June 2008). . The Daily Telegraph 2015.
Collett-White, Mike (20 June 2008). . Reuters. London 2014.
Philipson, Alice (31 July 2015). . The Daily Telegraph 2015.
Pearse, Damien (6 August 2010). .
(The Herald and Weekly Times) 2011.
. The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). 16 June .
Iley, Chrissy (8 January 2006). .
(Guardian News and Media).   2011.
. . 2 March .
. New York Post. 1 May .
. BBC News. 6 May .
discography at
: Hidden categories: