给我的外国朋友介绍四季的英语作文_百度作业帮
给我的外国朋友介绍四季的英语作文
When life and death are spun together in a cycle one is amazed by both and afraid of neither.Such a cycle is seen in the seasons.Summer and winter illustrate life and death in drawn out stagnation,while spring and autumn are necessary transitions.It is also true that not all areas of the world experience the full splendor,or for that matter,the full brunt of every season.None the less,that is the extent of change in nature and it is no small display at that.God truly knew how to create a phenomenon that would lift the human spirit and one of which people would not grow weary.The seasons of spring and autumn,with their divine pizzazz,do especially that.Spring brings new life and rejuvenation of that which was asleep for the winter.In and of itself it is the essence of all that symbolized the renewal of the soul.Autumn,on the other hand,commences the hibernation of all things that are prepared to survive the winter cold and the death of what are not.This season gives human eyes a glimpse of natural death.It is a slow decay marked by a fight for vibrancy before death.With the coming of spring,the grass is once again painted its lush green color,while the trees break out of the winter freeze as though they had been stone touched by the breath of life.Their branches overflow with leaves and budding flowers flush purples,pinks,blues,and yellows.These same wonders occur annually,however,after the sterile white of winter,the colors of spring never seem ordinary.In the fall,though the colors are different from spring,the brilliance remains.The poor grass fights to retain its green cloak while the lack of warm sunshine dooms it to a stiff brown.Simultaneously,green leaves turn orange,gold,and red as they try with great exertion to put off their last breath.Their points stretch their last and then curl in the face of death.Finally,their bodies are separated from the tree by a cool breeze that seems to whisper,鈥淲inter is coming.鈥 The journey is done when,after a graceful dance through the swirling wind,they join their brothers and sisters in the stiffening arms of the grass.Here these soldiers of nature calmly relent to slow decay,or fall victim to the crunch of a boot,or crushing jump from a young child.One does not have to see or hear to know that spring is in the air.The fragrance alone is enough to unmask this reviving air.In all truth,such scents,the work of God鈥檚 hand,cannot be accurately described by human language.When spring arrives,the world comes alive with freshness.Every pore of every blossom,and bud,and flower gives off a unique fragrance and blends together with their neighbor鈥檚 scent until the whole outdoors is filled.Then,to sit on a carpeted lawn is as lingering in a candle shop or sleeping with clean linen,only one-hundred times over.The smells of autumn are different but have a similarly cleansing effect.The air has more bite and the scent that wafts within it is crisp.Also,decaying leaves give off a tart aroma and caress the senses with the aftertaste of nature鈥檚 dying state.Perhaps the most dissimilar aspects of these transitional seasons are the sounds.In spring the birds return and begin again to awaken at dawn to sound off the coming of the first golden rays of sunshine.Throughout the days of spring,the woods,fields,and parks are alive with the chatter of God鈥檚 most playful creatures.Then,as the sun sets,all is hushed until the rolling of thunder can be heard on the horizon.During the night,a spring rain falls and winds push it in a gentle pitter-patter against the house.Nature becomes content to watch God at work.The winds of fall,on the other hand,are more of a howl.At midmorning,instead of birds singing,leaves rustle along the ground.In the afternoon,the obnoxious honks of Canada geese break the silence as their pointed formations fly overhead.Night brings only the wail of the wind and the groaning of trees in protest.Finally,both spring and autumn bring the anticipation of some of the more jovial time of the year.Spring,for students,means Spring Break and then the last stretch of school before summer vacation.Of course,the end of school hides behind the dreaded final exams.However,the most celebrated holiday of this season is Easter,which,in a very spiritual sense,defines the very essence of spring.As Jesus arises in the defeat of death,so is the nature which he created renewed.With equal excitement,autumn ushers in the long-awaited festivities of Halloween,Thanksgiving,and Christmas.It is the season of giving scares,giving thanks,and giving presents.Though Christmas occurs in winter,the holiday spirit is a wide-spread frenzy after Thanksgiving.This time is very appropriately coined 鈥渢he most wonderful time of the year.鈥 Students receive Christmas Break,but,as in spring,face final exams at the summation of their relief.Yes,spring and autumn are the transitional periods for nature during which it works so hard in order to stand still through summer and winter.They are times of great change,indulgent satisfaction for the senses,and hallowed anticipation.Spring is the mighty voice which rings out that death has been defeated.It is the bursting forth of life,a life that will reign in awe-inspiring splendor.Autumn is the gentle hush of life into the relief of submission to death.It is a peaceful death that signifies the beginning of hope for life.From eLinux.org
This document outlines Android source code in 'master' branch from
This page is a WIP page which means information will change constantly as it is based on a moving code
The content of this directory is not clear what it is about as it contains several C++ files.
disassembler
sigchainlib
Bionic is mainly a port of the BSD C library to our Linux kernel with the following additions/changes:
- no support for locales
- no support for wide chars (i.e. multi-byte characters)
- its own smallish implementation of pthreads based on Linux futexes
- support for x86, ARM and ARM thumb CPU instruction sets and kernel interfaces
This directory contains the different architecture that is supported to use bionic, namely - ARM (under the arch-arm/) and x86 (under the arch-x86/ directory). In order to understand in detail on how to add functions or port it to different architecture you want to read the file OVERVIEW.TXT under the docs/ folder
This directory contains bionic libc libraries for ARM processor class
cortex-a8 -
bionic - sources needed to link and load bionic and it includes the functions
cortex-a9 - contains optimized assembler code for A9 processor- memcpy, memset and strcmp
cortex-a15 - contains optimized assembler code for A15 processor- memcpy, memset and strcmp
generic - contains assembler code for generic ARM processor - memcpy, memset and strcmp
include - contains header files
krait - contains optimized assembler code for krait processor - memcpy, memset and strcmp
syscalls - system calls assembler code (autogenerated files)
This directory contains bionic libc libraries for MIPS processor class
bionic - sources needed to link and load bionic and it includes the functions
include - contains header files
string - contains string related functions
syscalls - system calls assembler code (autogenerated files)
This directory contains bionic libc libraries for x86 processor class
bionic - sources needed to link and load bionic and it includes the functions
include - contains header files
string - contains string related functions
syscalls - system calls assembler code (autogenerated files)
bionic - contains all the functions available in libc
- contains header files
This directory contains 'cleaned' kernel related headers and also tools to 'clean up' normal plain vanilla Linux headers
arm-arm - 'clean' ARM Linux headers
arm-mips - 'clean' MIPS Linux headers
arm-x86 - 'clean' x86 Linux headers
'clean' non-architecture specific Linux headers
tools - contain scripts for generating clean headers (instructions outlined inside README.TXT file)
functions available from NetBSD
private - private or non-standard header files specific for Android needs
stdio - functions for standard I/O
stdlib - functions for standard library functions - exit, tolower, etc
string - functions for standard string functions
tools - Python scripts containing helper function and syscalls generation
tzcode - functions for timezone functions
- functions for universal standard functions
upstream-dlmalloc - from README.txt "This directory contains malloc/free routines implemented by Doug Lea (aka dlmalloc). You should not edit these files directly. Make fixesupstream and then pull down the new version of the file."
upstream-freebsd - from README.txt "This directory contains upstream FreeBSD source."
upstream-netbsd - from README.txt "This directory contains upstream NetBSD source."
wchar - string function (not sure what is this for ?)
zoneinfo - timezone host data
This directory what looks like a ?stub? program that are being used during linking process. The main function of the program is to open a library and read the symbol. The file that contains the main functionality is dlfcn.c under the /bionic/linker/ directory
Contains Math library. Several architecture are supported inside this directory - ARM, i386, i387, MIPS
upstream-freebsd - math library from FreeBSD
linker - contains linker code that is used during kernel bootup
tests - contains test cases for testing the different functions available such as - math, pthread, regex,etc
This directory contains utility that is used during linking process. The tool is called Android Dynamic Linker what is does is it assign fix addresses to the library to reduce the size of the library and also increases the loading speed. .
4. bootable
bootloader/legacy
This directory is empty
diskintaller/editdisklbl - tool to test existing partition with the specified configuration in a file
This directory contains code for creating recovery program. The code inside shows the different things that needs to be implemented. This can be used as a boilerplate to create your own custom recoveries like the ClockworkMod.
applypatch - Applies binary patches to files
edify - Contains code that parse update scripts. The language is call ?edify? (this is used in conjuction with the updater sub-project)
etc - contains sample update script (the file is called update-script)
minadbd - this contains a stripped down version of 'adbd' daemon for adb connection
minelf - contains source library that is used by the updater sub-project
minui - contains graphical library to be used by the recovery project.The library are mostly utilized for displaying information
minzip - library utilized in the recovery project+
mtdutils - library utilized for reading & writing to the Flash memory
res - contains images that are used as background in the recovery project
testdata - test .zip files for testing the update process
tools - library that contains misc function that are used by the recovery project. Some interesting function that allow checking of ?unclean? reboot.
updater - This contains the executable to run the update script
The main entry point of the build system resides here - envsetup.sh, if you follow the instruction in
you will see that the first step before you do anything to build Android is to use the command source build/envsetup.sh
The script will check few things to make sure all the needed application available in the local machine. It also setup the devices that can be built, which is extracted from the directory device
This directory contains the heart of the build system, it consists of a number of files with the .mk extension (Makefile). The entry point of the build is the main.mk file
combo - this directory contains makefile that setup the host for things like - compiler, compiler settings. Architecture specific compiler settings are set here.
include - architecture specific header file is inside here. The hearder file is included in ALL Android code.
tasks - makefiles that contains helper functions
This directory contain a program which is written to replace the "cp" command to be used in Android. Not sure what is the rationale behind the use of this program.
board - this directory contains configuration for the target device that you are planning to build for. Looking at the content of this directory it looks like it is being used for emulators. The files inside this directory looks similar with the device directory where it contains .mk file for board specifics.
product - contains makefiles for the apps that need to be build
security - contains generated keys that are used in normal build process, own keys can be generated using the 'make_key' application
This directory contains a number of tools that can be used as part of the build process. [need to investigate later whether the tools inside this directory is used as part of the build process - document tools that are used in the build process].
acp - "cp" version from Google
apicheck - script to run apicheck application
atree - this project is a program for file listing or something like the ?ls? command. (inside out/host/linux-86/bin)
check_prereq - (inside out/target/product/&device&/system/bin)
droiddoc - contains document templates that are used to generate documentation using Javadoc
fs_config - this project is part of the host tools (inside out/host/linux-86/bin)
fs_get_stats - contain source for a utility to retrieve file stats
releasetools - this project contains python scripts that can be used to sign your .apk, create an OTA file and other release related tasks
rgb2565 - this project is to convert image to a 565raw format (inside out/host/linux-86/bin)
signapk - this project is to sign your .apk file, the project is written in Java code (inside out/host/linux-86/framework)
zipalign - according to the README file ?The purpose of zipalign is to ensure that all uncompressed data starts with a particular alignment relative to the start of the file.
This allows those ::::::::portions to be accessed directly with mmap() even if they contain binary data with alignment restrictions.?
(inside out/host/linux-86/bin)
This directory contains compatibility test suite (). The test coverage are broken down into different folders to cover different parts of Android.
This directory contains applications test suites. The test cases are written in Java and it test different device functionality from application layer such as - USB, sensors, camera, bluetooth, etc
cts-usb-accessory - USB accessories mode test case
CtsVerifier -
build - contains makefiles to generate and package the test cases
development
ide/eclipse - contains .sh file to generate the CTS classpath file for Eclipse
hostsidetests
appsecurity - application security test cases
monkey - monkey test cases
commonutil
deviceutil
json - JSON library
runner - contain makefile to run the core tests which resides inside the tests/core/runner
testserver - http test server
vogar-expect - according to the README file classes were extracted from the
project. Looking at the description of the project it is a command line test utility for Java
wrappedgtest -
audio_quality -
This directory contains Java test cases testing different kind of things, mostly on features that are available from Java application.
acceleration -
accessibility -
deviceadmin -
expectations -
ProcessTest -
SignatureTest -
systemAppTest -
uiautomator -
vm-tests-tf -
This directory contains different kind of tools that are available for you to use. The tools are not used in the build process.
cfassembler -
class to generate .class files that are somehow damaged in order to test the dalvik vm verifier.
cts-api-coverage - Tool that generates a report of what Android framework methods are being called from a given set of APKS
cts-holo-generation
cts-java-scanner -
searches a source directory for native gTests and outputs a list of test classes and methods.
cts-java-scanner-doclet -
cts-native-scanner - scanner of C++ gTest source files
cts-reference-app-lib - Base Class that provides common functionality for all Reference Application Tests
cts-xml-generator - class that outputs a test package xml
dasm - .d file disassembler and assembler
device-setup - Collect device information on target device
dex-tools - contains the source code and tests for a dex file parser. This folder contains a .project file, it can be imported directly into eclipse as a java project.
signature-tools - This project contains the source code and tests for API signature comparison tools. The project is in Java
tradefed-host - CTS Trade Federation, cts-tradefed for short, is the next generation test harness for CTS. cts-tradefed is built on top of the Android Trade Federation test harness.
vm-tests-tf - Similar to vm-tests except there are few difference files.
The "dexdump" tool is intended to mimic "objdump".
Home of dexgen, the dex code generator project. It provides API for creating dex classes in runtime which is needed e.g. for class mocking. This solution is based on the dx tool and uses its classes extensively.
List all methods in all concrete classes in one or more DEX files.
Dalvik documentation
Home of Dalvik eXchange, the thing that takes in class files and reformulates them for consumption in the VM. It also doe use "dx --help" to see a modicum of self-documentation.
This directory contains program to read HPROF file specific to Android. HPROF is a profiler tool in Android. The application in this directory can be run to read a sample .hprof file in the samples directory.
This directory contains .dex file related tools.
opcode-gen
This directory contains sets of defined opcodes and instruction formats for Dalvik.
This directory contains Dalvik related tools
8. developers
'samples -
9. development
This directory contains application that are not part of the deployed app in the OS. There are some useful application such as widget builder, etc
BluetoothDebug - Bluetooth debugging app
BuildWidget - Define a simple widget that shows the Wiktionary "Word of the day."
CustomLocale - Change locale app that can be automatically called for testing purpose --& adb shell am broadcast -a com.android.intent.action.SET_LOCALE --es com.android.intent.extra.LOCALE en_US
Development - Development system app
DevelopmentSettings -
Development settings system app
Fallback - fall back activity that registers itself for common intents which may possibly not otherwise be handled.
GestureBuilder - tool to create Gesture
launchperf - launch performance application
NinePatchLab -
OBJViewer - gles and raw file viewer
SdkSetup - Entry point for SDK SetupWizard.
SettingInjectorSample -
WidgetPreview - widget preview application
This directory contains a number of tools that are used as part of the build process
This directory contains the monkey tool that allows you to inject key events into an app.
This directory contains copyright templates
This directory contains Windows binary files for USB.
windows - contains USB drivers for Windows
This directory contains IDE specific information/configuration. Eclipse, EMacs, IntelliJ and XCode are the IDEs supported.
eclipse - formatter for eclipse
emacs - plugin configuration for emacs for Android development
intellij - Definition for IntelliJ configuration
xcode - xcode configuration (not very familiar on what kind of configuration is this as never used xcode before)
From the README.txt - Stereo Camera Libraries for Android. This SDK component contains static libraries for computing the depth map of a pair of stereo images. To use the libraries, simply copy them as static libraries into your project.
stereocamera -
This directory contains NDK (Native Development Kit) for Android. This particular directory is not build as part of the Android build process.
platforms - contains the sources of the C runtime object files required by the Android NDK toolchains. Contains more information inside README.CRT.TXT
samples - sample applications on using NDK
tests - contain script to execute all the test cases inside NDK
tools - tool o compare headers between Bionic and NDK
This directory contains Android application sample files. There are a lot of sample projects that can be used by developers.
AccelerometerPlay -
example of using the accelerometer to integrate the device's acceleration to a position using the Verlet method.
ActionBarCompat - ActionBar sample
Alarm - revised version of the AlarmService functionality included in the ApiDemos sample application
AliasActivity -
AndroidBeamDemo - shows how to use the Android Beam feature introduced in API level 14. This application must be installed on two devices that have NFC capabilities, running Android 4.0 or later.
ApiDemos - The API Demos application includes a variety of small applications
that illustrate the use of various Android APIs. It includes samples of: Notifications, Alarms, Progress Dialogs, etc
AppNavigation - application navigation
BackupRestore - Backup/Restore application illustrates a few different approaches that an application developer can take when integrating with the Android Backup Manager
BasicGLSurfaceView - basic OpenGL surface view sample
BluetoothChat - chat app using bluetooth
BluetoothHDP - sample application that demonstrates how to communicate with a Bluetooth Health Device Profile (HDP) device
BluetoothLeGatt -
browseable -
BusinessCard -
ContactManager -
ControllerSample -
CrossCompatibility -
CubeLiveWallpaper -
devbytes -
FixedGridLayout -
HeavyWeight -
HelloActivity -
HelloEffects -
HoneycombGallery -
KeyChainDemo -
LunarLander -
MultiResolution -
MySampleRss -
RandomMusicPlayer -
RenderScript -
RSSReader -
SampleSyncAdapter -
SearchableDictionary -
SimpleJNI -
SkeletonApp -
SoftKeyboard -
SpellChecker -
SpinnerTest -
StackWidget -
Support4Demos -
Support7Demos -
Support13Demos -
SupportAppNavigation -
TicTacToeLib -
TicTacToeMain -
training -
TtsEngine -
UiAutomator -
VoicemailProviderDemo -
VoiceRecognitionService -
WeatherListWidget -
WiFiDirectDemo -
WiFiDirectServiceDiscovery -
Wiktionary -
WiktionarySimple -
XmlAdapters -
Some Google App Engine specific scripts.
app_engine_server -
This directory contains .properties file related to SDK, can?t figure out what exactly it is used for as there aren?t that much information inside.
sdk_overlay
Overlay resource files that are used for different device
frameworks -
packages -
testrunner
Utility to run the test cases based on Python.
coverage -
test_defs -
apkcheck - This directory contains Android APK Checker utitlity.This compares the set of classes, fields, and methods used by an Android application against the published API.
It identifies and reports the use of any unpublished members or methods.
axl - TCP and HTTP tests, the testcase is written in Python.
emulator -
etc1tool -
findunused -
hosttestlib -
idegen - automatically generates Android IDE configurations for IntelliJ IDEA and Eclipse. Your IDE should be able to compile everything in a reasonable amount of time with no errors.
labpretest - The labpretest.sh script is designed to emulate a typical automated test lab session.
It puts a device into bootloader mode, reboots into bootloader mode, determines device type, erases user cache, flashes a generic userdata image, updates the bootloader image, updates the radio image, updates the system image and reboots, sets up for a monkey run and finally runs a random monkey test. It will repeat this based on an optional parameter(-i) or default to 100 times. It will detect if it is in a low battery situation and wait for it to charge again.
line_endings -
mkstubs - is small tool that takes a given JAR and filters all the private stuff we don't want to expose, e.g.: remove all private members, only include a subset of classes, exclude specific classes, fields or methods.
recovery_l10n -
templates - This directory contains Android source code templates for building Android application.
yuv420sp2rgb -
This directory contain a Notepad tutorial application development tutorial.
NotepadCodeLab -
ReverseDebug -
This directory contains device information for Nexus 7 devices.
This directory contains gps information and also a script that allows you to extract proprietary binary files from your phone to be part of the build process.
This directory contains the generic device configuration that is called ?goldfish?. This is the device classification used when building the emulator.
This directory contains the Android Accessories Kit code. It contains a demokit Android app that allows you to control the ADK board. The ADK firmware can be check out here . There is a good article about this
This directory contains device information for LG devices.
This directory contains a full example of writing your own Android platform shared library, without changing the Android framework.
It also shows how to write JNI code for incorporating native code into the library, and a client application that uses the library. This example is ONLY for people working with the open source platform to create a system image that will be delivered on a device which will include a custom library as shown here.
It can not be used to create a third party shared library, which is not currently supported in Android.
This directory contains Samsung specific configuration
Contains tutorials, references, and miscellaneous information relating to the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The current iteration of this site is fully static HTML (notably lacking in javascript and doxygen content), and is and/or was maintained by skyler (illustrious intern under Dan Morrill and assistant to the almighty JBQ).
11. external
android-clat
android-mock
Android Mock is a wrapper for EasyMock (2.4) which allows for real Class mocking on an Android (Dalvik) VM. All methods on Android Mock are syntactically equivalent to EasyMock method calls, and will delegate calls to EasyMock, while performing the required transformations to avoid Dalvik VM troubles.
From the project website
ANTLR, ANother Tool for Language Recognition, is a language tool that provides a framework for constructing recognizers, interpreters, compilers, and translators from grammatical descriptions containing actions in a variety of target languages.
apache-harmony
Apache Harmony software is a modular Java runtime with class libraries and associated tools.
apache-http
HTTP API for Java from Apache
apache-xml
From project website
ASTL (Android STL) is a slimmed-down version of the regular C++ STL.
This directory contains the Bison parser generator.
This directory contains Block IO Tracing. blktrace was integrated into the mainline kernel between 2.6.16 and 2.6.17-rc1. The website
This directory contains project for Bluetooth communication
bluez - Bluetooth protocol stack for Linux
glib - GLib is the low-level core library that forms the basis for projects such as GTK+ and GNOME. It provides data structure handling for C, portability wrappers, and interfaces for such runtime functionality as an event loop, threads,
dynamic loading, and an object system.
hcidump - Bluetooth analyzer project
bouncycastle
This directory contains ported version of Bouncycastle.org encryption project. The document in patches/README outlined the changes made to use it in Android
This directory contains bsdiff and bspatch project. These are tools for building and applying patches to binary files. The project can be found in .
This directory contains bzip-1.0.6 from . According to the RADME.android file no changes were made
ceres-solver
checkpolicy
This directory contains the Chromium project.
chromium-libpac
chromium_org
chromium-trace
This directory contains Clang project. This is a compiler front-end for the C family of languages (C, C++, Objective-C, and Objective-C++) which is built as part of the LLVM compiler infrastructure project.
compiler-rt
This is a DHCP client daemon project.
This directory contains the Dnsmasq project - a lightweight, easy to configure DNS forwarder and DHCP server - .
droiddriver
This directory contains the Doclava project - a custom Javadoc doclet used to generate documentation. Project page for this
This directory contains
Dropbear, a smallish SSH 2 server and client.
Is a set of utilities for maintaining the ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems.
This directory contains easymoch project - a Java library that provides an easy way to use Mock Objects in unit testing with JUnit and TestNG. Project page -
eclipse-basebuilder
eclipse-windowbuilder
This directory contains varieties of tools and libraries that are related to ELF file.
This directory contains
embunit - a unit testing framework for Embedded C System. Project page -
This directory contains .....
This directory contains Expat, a C library for parsing XML, written by James Clark. Expat is a stream-oriented XML parser.
This directory contains FDLIBM (Freely Distributable LIBM). It is a C math library for machines that support IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic. In this release, only double precision is supported.
This directory contains the source for FLAC project - Free Lossless Audio Codec - .
This directory contains code for Freetype project . FreeType 2 is a software font engine that is designed to be small, efficient, highly customizable, and portable while capable of producing high-quality output (glyph images).
fsck_msdos
This directory contains MS-DOS file system check code.
ganymed-ssh2
gcc-demangle
genext2fs generates an ext2 filesystem as a normal (non-root) user. It does not require you to mount the image file to copy files on it, nor does it require that you become the superuser to make device nodes.
This contains the GIF library
google-diff-match-patch
This is GNU GRUB, the GRand Unified Bootloader.
GRUB is intended to provide important bootloader features that are missing from typical personal computer BIOSes
Google's framework for writing C++ tests on a variety of platforms (Linux, Mac OS X, Windows, Windows CE, Symbian, and etc).
Guava-libraries are a grab bag of utility libraries published by Google as open source, including among other things the Google collections libraries.
HarfBuzz, an OpenType Layout engine library.
harfbuzz_ng
hyphenation
Hyphen - hyphenation library to use converted TeX hyphenation patterns
ICU is a mature, widely used set of C/C++ and Java libraries providing Unicode and Globalization support for software applications -
This directory contains iproute2, it is a collection of utilities for controlling TCP / IP networking and traffic control in Linux
ipsec-tools
This directory contains IPsec-Tools project, it is a port of KAME's IPsec utilities to the Linux-2.6 IPsec implementation. Project website
This directory contains iptables project, it is a user space application program that allows a system administrator to configure the tables provided by the Linux kernel firewall
javasqlite
This directory contains the Java JDBC wrapper project for SQLLite.
This directory contains Javassist project. Javassist (JAVA programming ASSISTant) makes Java bytecode manipulation simple. It is a class library for editing bytecodes in J it enables Java programs to define a new class at runtime and to modify a class file when the JVM loads it.
This directory contains JDiff Doclet project. The JDiff doclet is used to generate a report describing the difference between two public Java APIs. Project page
This directory contains the jhead project. jhead is an Exif Jpeg header manipulation tool. Project website
jmonkeyengine
This directory contains project for JPEG image compression and decompression.
This directory contains Java wrapper project for the ClearSilver project - . ClearSilver is a fast, powerful, and language-neutral HTML template system.
This directory contains the JSR 305 specification implementation. JSR 305 is an
Annotations for Software Defect Detection in Java. Project website
This directory contains JUnit project. This project is a Java testing framework, project website
kernel-headers
This directory contains header files for the Linux Kernel.
This directory contains libffi project. The libffi library provides a portable, high level programming interface to various calling conventions.
This allows a programmer to call any function specified by a call interface description at run time. Project website
This directory contains GSM 06.10 13 kbit/s RPT/LTP implementation. According to the README: ?......we are publishing an implementation of the European GSM 06.10 provisional standard for full-rate speech transcoding, prI-ETS 300 036, which uses RPE/LTP (residual pulse excitation/long term prediction) coding at 13 kbit/s?
This directory contains liblzf project. This project is an extremely fast compression algorithm. Project website
libnfc-nci
libnfc-nxp
This directory contains NFC library from NXP Semiconductors.
libnl-headers
This directory contains network related library. [ Not sure what this project do ?? ]
This directory contains
source code for libpcap, a system-independent interface for user-level packet capture.
libpcap provides a portable framework for low-level network monitoring.
Applications include network statistics collection, security monitoring, network debugging,etc. Project website
libphonenumber
This directory contains Google's phone number handling library. Project website
This directory contains library source code for manipulating .png file format.
libselinux
libusb-compat
This directory contains source library for manipulating XML.
This directory contains source code for XSLT toolkit. This project is part of the XML toolkit from the GNOME project. Project website
linux-tools-perf
littlemock
This directory contains the LLVM project. LLVM project is a Low Level Virtual Machine, a toolkit for the construction of highly optimized compilers,optimizers, and runtime environments. There is an interesting read inside the README.android file that shows some of the issues on the reason why Google can?t push to llvm.org upstream and also some indication on how to sync to upstream.
marisa-trie
This directory contains the Markdown project. Markdown is a text-to-HTML conversion tool for web writers. Markdown allows you to write using an easy-to-read, easy-to-write plain text format, then convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML). Project page
mdnsresponder
This directory contains Mesa 3D project. Mesa is an open-source implementation of the OpenGL specification - a system for rendering interactive 3D graphics. Project website
This directory contains the minimum implemention of the mkshrc application for Android.
mockwebserver
This directory contains a library for testing HTTP and HTTPS clients. Project page
This directory contains  ????
naver-fonts
From README file:
?Netcat is a simple Unix utility which reads and writes data
across network connections, using TCP or UDP protocol. It is designed to be a reliable "back-end" tool that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts. ?
This directory contains Hewlett Packard netperf tool. According to the project page
- ?Netperf is a benchmark that can be use to measure various aspect of networking performance.?
There isn?t much information can be found inside this directory about the project. Reading through the source code and also the filenames it looks like a face recognition library.
nist-pkits
This directory contains code for VOIP implementation
noto-fonts
This directory contains code for the oauth authentication project code.
This directory contains an optimized port of OpenCV for Android
This directory contains OpenSSL project code for Android. The readme.android file contains information on how to port the latest version of OpenSSL
According to the README file
?This is an alpha release version of oprofile, a transparent low-overhead system-wide profiler.?
This directory contains code for the ppp protocol
This directory contains ProGuard code. ProGuard is a Java class file shrinker, optimizer, obfuscator, and preverifier
This directory contains Protobuf code. Protobuf is a Google's data interchange format project. Link to the project page -
This directory contains the QEMU project (
qemu-pc-bios
This project has the source code to build two binaries: bios.bin and vgabios-cirrus.bin, which are required for x86 emulation in the Android emulator: platform/external/qemu.
replicaisland
This directory contains source code for the safe-iop project (
). This library provides a collection of (macro-based) functions for performing safe integer operations across platform and architecture with a straightforward API.
) is a complete 2D graphic library for drawing Text, Geometries, and Images. Features include: 3x3 matrices w/ perspective, antialiasing, transparency, filters, shaders, xfermodes, maskfilters, patheffects.
Sonivox is an embedded audio synthesis project, it contains source code as well binary files for the music. There is quite a lot of documentation inside the /docs folder
Project website
according to their website
Speex is an Open Source/Free Software patent-free audio compression format designed for speech. The Speex Project aims to lower the barrier of entry for voice applications by providing a free alternative to expensive proprietary speech codecs. Moreover, Speex is well-adapted to Internet applications and provides useful features that are not present in most other codecs. Finally, Speex is part of the GNU Project and is available under the revised BSD license.
Project website
according to their website
SQLite is a software library that implements a self-contained, serverless, zero-configuration, transactional SQL database engine. SQLite is the most widely deployed SQL database engine in the world. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain
SREC embedded speech recognition engine. There is a doc/ folder containing few .pdf documentation. On reading the documentation the library is from a company NUANCE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Provides an implementation of the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP), the Universal Security Transform (UST), and a supporting cryptographic kernel. From the documentation it shows that this project was from Cisco
STLport is a full ANSI C++ Standard library. Project website
Strace 4.0, a system call tracer for SunOS 4.x, Linux, System V release 4, Solaris 2.x and Irix 5.x. Project website -
stressapptest
From the documentation
SVOX Pico system is a software solution aimed at enabling Text-to-Speech (TTS) functionalities in low CPU/memory platforms. The Pico core system will be deployed as a set of libraries accessible through an API available to application developers. While benefitting from SVOX knowhow and ?lessons learned?, SVOX Pico is an entirely new TTS system designed from scratch and coded in native ANSI-C. This document describes the Pico core system in terms of the underlying design principles, its architecture and main components, and some guidelines for developers who would like to extend Pico?s functionality.
(website redirected to Nuance Professional Services website)
Project website , from the website
This is the home page of TagSoup, a SAX-compliant parser written in Java that, instead of parsing well-formed or valid XML, parses HTML as it is found in the wild: poor, nasty and brutish, though quite often far from short. TagSoup is designed for people who have to process this stuff using some semblance of a rational application design. By providing a SAX interface, it allows standard XML tools to be applied to even the worst HTML. TagSoup also includes a command-line processor that reads HTML files and can generate either clean HTML or well-formed XML that is a close approximation to XHTML.
From the README file
This directory contains source code for tcpdump, a tool for network monitoring and data acquisition.
This software was originally developed by the Network Research Group at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
The original distribution is available via anonymous ftp to ftp.ee.lbl.gov, in tcpdump.tar.Z.
More recent development is performed at tcpdump.org,
From the README file
A small library to interface with ALSA in the Linux kernel. The aims are:
Provide a basic pcm and mixer API
If it's not absolutely needed, don't add it to the API
Avoid supporting complex and unnecessary operations that could be dealt with at a higher level
tinycompress
From readme.txt file
In brief, TinyXml parses an XML document, and builds from that a Document Object Model (DOM) that can be read, modified, and saved.
Tremolo is an ARM optimised version of the Tremor lib from xiph.org. For those that don't know, the Tremor lib is an integer only library for doing Ogg Vorbis decompression.
Javascript engine from Google
Project website
the documentation:
The Valgrind tool suite provides a number of debugging and profiling tools that help you make your programs faster and more correct. The most popular of these tools is called Memcheck. It can detect many memory-related errors that are common in C and C++ programs and that can lead to crashes and unpredictable behaviour
Project website
from the website:
WebKit is an open source web browser engine. WebKit is also the name of the Mac OS X system framework version of the engine that's used by Safari, Dashboard, Mail, and many other OS X applications. WebKit's HTML and JavaScript code began as a branch of the KHTML and KJS libraries from KDE.
Project website -
, according to README file:
WEBP decoder: libwebpdecode.so is a simple library for decoding WEBP image files.
Project website - , from the website
WebRTC is a free, open project that enables web browsers with Real-Time Communications (RTC) capabilities via simple Javascript APIs. Our mission: To enable rich, high quality, RTC applications to be developed in the browser via simple Javascript APIs and HTML5.
wpa_supplicant_8
Similar to wpa_supplicant_6 but the version for hostapd is also older (??)
Inside this folder there is only 1 file XMLWriter.java and the author?s website is
xmp_toolkit
Project website - , from the website
YAFFS (Yet Another Flash File System) is now in its second generation and provides a fast robust file system for NAND and NOR Flash. It is widely used with Linux and RTOSs, in consumer devices.
Project website - , from the website
A Massively Spiffy Yet Delicately Unobtrusive Compression Library
12. frameworks
libvideoeditor -
services -
api - contains xml files with information about Java classes
cmds - contains .mk (makefile) files with Dalvik heap information
am - contains the am utility source
app_process - application for launch Dalvik app
backup - reading the source it looks like a backup utility (?)
bmgr - Backup Manager java application
bootanimation - contains the boot animation code that normally we see when starting up our phone
bu - backup utility written in Java
input - utility helper for sending key events to device
interrupter -
pm - package manager utility for Java classes
requestsync -
screencap - screen capture utility
svc - Java based service command utility
core - contains system Java API such as database, bluetooth, package manager, speech, etc. This directory contains both Java and C/C++ code for the API
java - Java code containing system API
jni - JNI code for the system API
res- Resource files for system API
tests- Java unit test for system API
data - contains resources for internal application such as - fonts, sounds, videos, etc
etc- permission files for hardware specific resources
fonts- fonts file
keyboards- keyboard and USB based device keyboard mapping files
sounds- sound files
videos- video files
docs - Android documentation
drm - according to
Provides classes for managing DRM content and determining the capabilities of DRM plugins (agents).
java - programming interface for the DRM framework
jni - native interface for DRM framework
graphics - according to
provides low level graphics tools such as canvases, color filters, points, and rectangles that let you handle drawing to the screen directly.
include - include files for most of the internal services
android_runtime - header files for android runtime process
androidfw -
private - from README "This folder contains private include files. These include files are part of the private implementation details of various framework components."
storage - storage header files
keystore - implementation of KeyStore (secured storage for key-value pairs).
libs - additional library available to be used by the internal services
androidfw -
hwui - HW graphics library
storage - storage library
wrapper class for the USB Manager to support USB accessories.
location -
media - media framework related API and libraries
android/media - from package.html "Provides classes that manage various media interfaces in audio and video. The Media APIs are used to play and, in some cases, record media files. This includes audio (e.g., play MP3s or other music files, ringtones, game sound effects, or DTMF tones) and video (e.g., play a video streamed over the web or from local storage)."
android/mtp - from package.html "Provides APIs that let you interact directly with connected cameras and other devices, using the PTP (Picture Transfer Protocol) subset of the MTP (Media Transfer Protocol) specification. Your application can receive notifications when devices are attached and removed, manage files and storage on those devices, and transfer files and metadata from the devices."
jni - native layer interface for camera,audio,video, etc services (native layer for services in android/ folder)
audioeffect -
mediaeditor -
soundpool -
filterfw -
filterpacks -
graphics -
nfc-extras - Provides additional methods for Card Emulation and management
obex - Bluetooth file transfer implementation
opengl - according to README
This directory contains OpenGL ES and EGL extension specifications that have been or are being defined for Android.
java - contains wrapper Java source
packages - Contains built in application
BackupRestoreConfirmation - Backup/restore confirmation dialog
DefaultContainerService -
Service copies a downloaded apk to a file passed in as a ParcelFileDescriptor
DocumentsUI -
ExternalStorageProvider -
FakeOemFeatures -
FusedLocation -
Keyguard -
PrintSpooler -
services -
InputDevices -
SettingsProvider - Settings application provider
SharedStorageBackup - external storage backup
SystemUI - Internal System Settings UI
VpnDialogs - VPN dialog
WAPPushManager -
from the source code "The WapPushManager service is implemented to process incoming WAP Push messages and to maintain the Receiver Application/Application ID mapping."
policy - implementation (Java) of some of the security that are build inside Android (password unlocker, lock pattern, etc)
training -
sax - SAX implementation (Java)
services - Android internal service implementation eg:- power manager, sensor service, surface flinger, etc.
common_time -
telephony - telephony sample implementation including RIL (Radio Interface Layer).
test-runner - unit test mock for some of the internal API (Java)
tests - test cases for most of the internal services (Java)
AccessoryDisplay -
ActivityTests -
AppLaunch -
appwidgets -
Assistant -
BandwidthTests -
BatteryWaster -
BiDiTests -
BrowserPowerTest -
BrowserTestPlugin -
CanvasCompare -
Camera2Tests -
Compatibility -
CoreTests -
DataIdleTest -
FixVibrateSetting -
FrameworkPerf -
GridLayoutTest -
HugeBackup -
HwAccelerationTest -
LargeAssetTest -
LocationTracker -
LotsOfApps -
LowStorageTest -
MemoryUsage -
permission -
RenderScriptTests -
SerialChat -
SharedLibrary -
SmokeTest -
SmokeTestApps -
StatusBar -
TileBenchmark -
touchlag -
TransformTest -
TransformTest -
TtsTests -
WebViewTests -
tools - internal tools that are used by Android
layoutlib -
orientationplot -
validatekeymaps -
velocityplot -
Provides classes to manage Wi-Fi functionality on the device.
the directory contains few sub-directory - libbcc (A Versatile Bitcode Execution Engine for Mobile Devices), linkloader (this is a ?plugin? for LLVM), slang (compiler for Renderscript language)
mclinker -
carousel - UI carousel implementation that is used internally by Android
common - common class (Java) that are used internally by Android such as - contacts, widgets, io, etc
photoviewer -
variablespeed - media player specific classes
bordeaux -
services -
calendar - helper classes for Calendar app
colorpicker -
datetimepicker -
emoji - emoticons helper function
inputmethodcommon - input functionality function helper
mailcommon - subset of mail helper function
photoviewer -
telephony -
timezonepicker -
vcard - vcard function helper
support UI classes for different Android version
androidtestlib -
app-tests -
uiautomator -
uiautomator_test_libraries -
uiautomator
testrunner -
Fast networking library for Android. A very good video to introduce and learn about the library
src - source for the volley library
tests - test cases for volley
chromium -
14. hardware
AK8975_FS -
Broadcom wireless device drivers (binary format).
invensense
Invsense Sensors source code
libsensors -
libsensors_iio -
libhardware
libsensors - MPL sensors family
mlsdk - ML Inverse family SDK
libhardware
contain Android HAL library function, the following blog post explain nicely about HAL
include - include files for Android HAL for different devices
modules - from README.android "Default (and possibly architecture dependents) HAL modules go here, libhardware.so eventually should contain *just* the HAL hub (hardware.c), everything in it should be rewritten as modules."
audio - audio hardware HAL
audio_remote_submix -
gralloc - Graphics Memory Allocator Module
hwcomposer - from README.android "Skeleton for the "hwcomposer" HAL module."
local_time -
nfc - Default NFC HW HAL
usbaudio -
tests - test code to test the hardware modules
libhardware_legacy
legacy hardware HAL implementation
qemu_tracing -
vibrator -
Qualcomm MSM7000 hardware source code
boot - contains library map location
dspcrashd - daemon to monitor /dev/dsp_debug
libaudio - audio library
libaudio-qdsp5v2 -
libaudio-qsd8k -
libcamera -
libcopybit -
libgralloc -
libgralloc-qsd8k -
liblights -
libstagefrighthw -
Qualcomm specific code for media and GPS
'keymaster -
Radio Inteface Layer (RIL) interface and sample interface. RIL is the layer for radio based communication like the phone call
include - RIL include files
libril - library used for RIL
mock-ril - Mock up RIL
reference-ril - RIL reference implementation code
rild - RIL daemon
samsung_slsi
Texas Instruments OMAP3 and OMAP4 hardware source code - media framework, camera, security,etc
omap4xxx -
omap4-aah - left over code from Android At Home project
15. libcore
benchmarks
VM runtime for Android
Java test classes for DOM
expectations
Contains information about the test cases
harmony-tests
Some C/C++ include files that used for Array and String handling
JSON based Java implementation
Contains test source code for loading .jar and .dex files
Contains support class file for testing Dalvik
XML pull and push implementation
16. libnativehelper
Contains build scripts and helper files for building the NDK
awk - a number of awk scripts that helps to extract information from an application's manifest - i.e. AndroidManifest.xml
core - makefile that are used to build the NDK
gmsl - GNU Make Standard Library
tools - from DEV-SCRIPTS-USAGE.TXT "directory contains a number of shell scripts, which we will call the "dev-scripts", that are only used to develop the NDK itself, i.e. they are un-needed when using ndk-build to build applicative native code."
Contains NDK related documentation
NDK source code and library source
android - contains code for cpufeatures and sources of the special libthread_db that will be statically linked against gdbserver binary
cpufeatures -
contains C++ standard template library source
host-tools
contains varieties of tools for host machine (Linux)
make-3.81 - make build source
nawk- - awk source code
ndk-stack - tool that allows you to filter stack traces as they
sed-4.2.1 - sed tool source code
toolbox - A brain-dead 'echo' toolbox program for Windows
third_party
from README file "This directory contains scripts and sources to perform automated testing of the NDK. Before making a new NDK release, please run tests/run-tests.sh to ensure that everything is working properly."
awk - contains test files for testing awk scripts
build - contains scripts for NDK test cases
device - contains test cases for NDK - such as cpu features, libraries
standalone - standalone simple test cases
toolchains
Build file for building the toolchain both for x86 and ARM based platform
arm-linux-androideabi-4.4.3 - prepare the NDK to build with the arm-eabi-4.4.0 toolchain
arm-linux-androideabi-4.6 -
arm-linux-androideabi-4.7 -
arm-linux-androideabi-4.8 -
arm-linux-androideabi-clang3.1 -
arm-linux-androideabi-clang3.2 -
llvm-3.1 -
llvm-3.2 -
mipsel-linux-android-4.4.3 -
mipsel-linux-android-4.6 -
mipsel-linux-android-4.7 -
mipsel-linux-android-4.8 -
mipsel-linux-android-clang3.1 -
mipsel-linux-android-clang3.2 -
x86-4.4.3 - prepare the NDK to build with the x86-4.4.3 toolchain
x86-clang3.1 -
x86-clang3.2 -
18. packages
Standard Android application that are available as part of the AOSP - Camera, SMS, Dialer, Launcher, etc
BasicSmsReceiver - Very basic SMS application
Bluetooth - Bluetooth application
Browser - Browser application
Calculator - Calculator application
Calendar - Calendar application
Camera - Camera application
CellBroadcastReceiver - 2 main services . CellBroadcastConfigService --& This service manages enabling and disabling ranges of message identifiers that the radio should listen for. It operates independently of the other
services and runs at boot time and after exiting airplane mode and CellBroadcastAlertService - This service manages enabling and disabling ranges of message identifiers that the radio should listen for. It operates independently of the other services and runs at boot time and after exiting airplane mode.
CertInstaller - The main class for installing certificates to the system keystore. It reacts to the INSTALL_ACTION intent
Contacts - Contacts application
DeskClock - DeskClock application
Email - Email application
Exchange - Exchange application
Gallery - Gallery application
Gallery2 - Gallery 3D application
GoogleLoginService -
GoogleServiceFramework -
HTMLViewer - Wraps a WebView widget within an Activity. When launched, it uses the URI from the intent as the URL to load into the WebView.
KeyChain - Security key chain application
Launcher2 - Android main launcher
LegacyCamera -
Mms - Mms application
Music - Music player
MusicFX - MusicMX Player
Nfc - NFC related application
OneTimeInitializer -
PackageInstaller - Service available internally in Android. This activity is launched when a new application is installed via side loading
Phone - Phone application
Phonesky -
Protips - Widget appears on your home screen to provide helpful tips.
Provision - application that sets up provisioning.
QuickSearchBox - Quick search box application
Settings - Settings application
SetupWizard -
SmartCardService -
SoundRecorder - SoundRecorder application
SpareParts - parts updater such as battery,3G, etc
SpeechRecorder - SpeechRecorder application
Stk - SIM Toolkit application
An Activity which handles a broadcast of a new tag that the device just discovered.
VideoEditor - Video editor application
VoiceDialer - Voice dialer application
experimental
Experimental apps that are not part of the AOSP such as RPC, Bugreport, Security tool, etc
BugReportSender - from README.txt "A utility (currently hosted on Bazaar) to share bugreports from the /sdcard to any recipient (usually via Gmail)"
CameraPreviewTest - from README.txt "A small test app to exercise the camera in various modes in much the same way that GTalk video chat does."
DreamTheater - Sample application on using DreamTheater
ExampleImsFramework - from README.txt "Demonstrates how to implement an IMS framework on top of Android."
LoaderApp -
NotificationLog -
NotificationShowcase -
procstatlog - This program is as dumb as possible -- it reads a whole bunch of data from /proc and reports when it changes.
RpcPerformance - from README.txt "A small test utility to run certain low-level microbenchmarks (particularly related to IPC and RPC performance, such as no-op Binder calls and certain file I/O operations).
StrictModeTest - from README.txt "A small test utility to intentionally violate StrictMode in different ways, and let you try out the various penalties."
Contains content providers for the different data available in the framework
ApplicationsProvider - Fetches the list of applications installed on the phone to provide search suggestions.
CalendarProvider - Calendar provider
ContactsProvider - Contacts provider
DownloadProvider - Download provider
DrmProvider - DRM provider
MediaProvider - Media provider
PartnerBookmarksProvider -
TelephonyProvider - Telephones provider
UserDictionaryProvider - Dictionary provider
inputmethods
Contains implementation (part of the framework) specifically for writing input method components.
OpenWnn- from README.txt "OpenWnn is a IME(Input Method Editor) package which works on Android's IMF(Input Method Framework).
This version contains Japanese IME."
PinyinIME- another implementation of the input method components
screensavers
PhotoTable -
wallpapers
Standard AOSP wallpaper
HoloSpiral
LivePicker
MagicSmoke
MusicVisualization
NoiseField
20. prebuilts
darwin-x86
repository
darwin-x86
android-arm
Contains prebuilt gdbserver and QEMU kernel
android-mips
android-x86
x86 based QEMU kernel for emulator
Common Java open source project that are used during build process
darwin-x86
Contains GCC toolchains for compiling Android along with several open source projects
linux-x86_64
32bit Windows specific files and libraries
qemu-kernel
renderscript
darwin-x86
darwin-x86_64
linux-x86_64
windows-x86_64
This directory contains lots of apps that are not part of operating system. There are quite useful apps that developers can leverage on and can be enhanced further as part of the operating system.
adtproductbuild -
annotations - Annotation used in SDK
apkbuilder - from readme.txt "The apkbuilder command line tool is deprecated, and is not maintained anymore. It is lacking recent build improvements such as support for Library Projects. Its source code has been moved into sdklib. It is recommended to directly use the com.android.sdklib.build.ApkBuilder class instead."
attribute_stats - from README.txt "This program gathers statistics about attribute usage in layout files."
avdlauncher - from avdlauncher.c "The AVD Manager is for Windows only. This simple .exe will sit at the root of the Windows SDK and currently simply executes tools\android.bat.Eventually it should simply replace the batch file."
bash_completion - from README "This directory contains scripts that are intended to be used with Bourne Again SHell (bash)'s programmable completion."
build - contains few scripts for SDK that are used during build process
docs - contains short documentation for building SDK, using cupcake SDK, etc
dumpeventlog - utility to connect to a device using ddmlib and dumps its event log as long as the device is connected.
eclipse - contains all the necessary files for Android Eclipse plugins
emulator - contains Android emulator files - gps, sensors, etc
eventanalyzer - connects to a device using ddmlib and analyze its event log.
files - contains misc files, such as configuration for ANT build.xml, Windows batch file to find Java
find_java -
find_lock -
hierarchyviewer - hierarchy viewer as part of the Eclipse plugin
icons - few Android related icons
sdklauncher - Android SDK launcher
settings -
templates -
testapps - from README.txt "This repository contains test applications used by the SDK automated tests."
19. system
This directory contains source for bluetooth
bluedroid -
bluez-clean-headers - Contains header files that was generated automatically. Contains information necessary for userspace to call into the kernel available to Android. It contains only constants,
structures, and macros generated
brcm_patchram_plus - Downloads a patchram files in the HCD format to Broadcom Bluetooth based silicon and combo chips and other utility functions.
brfpatch - Generates bluetooth firmware
data - Bluetooth configuration files
tools - Contains few test code to test different Bluetooth communication.
This directory contains number of utilities that are used by Android for maintenance and also during startups such as - adb, mkbootimg, run-as, fastboot, etc.
adb - Android Debug Bridge utility
charger - Battery charger
cpio - Archiving tool. Refer to buffer-format.txt from the linux kernel docs for explanation of the file format
debuggerd - Crash dump on logcat generator. Good explanation about this tool ()
fastboot - Fastboot utility
gpttool - Partition query tool
include - Folder and subfolders contains supporting header files. Most of the header files looks like can be found in NDK
libcorkscrew -
libctest - C source to run test suites
libcutils - Contains utilities source code that are used internally by Android
libdiskconfig - Contains disk utilities related to partition, MBR
liblinenoise - A small self-contained alternative to readline and libedit. Originally from
liblog - Android and Kernel log library that are used internally by Android
libmincrypt - SHA and RSA code implementation
libnetutils - DHCP implementation code
libnl_2 - Netlink Protocol Format (RFC3549), this library is a clean room re-implementation of libnl 2.0
libpixelflinger - Library for PixelFinger.
libsparse -
libsuspend -
libsysutils - Library for system utilities.
libusbhost - Contains USB related functions
libzipfile - Contains zip related functions
logcat - Contains logcat related functions
logwrapper - Log application that forks and executes application and redirecting stdout and stderr to the Android logging system
mkbootimg - Application to make boot image file
netcfg - Network configuration application to enable or disable DHCP, etc
Contains .rc files for init
run-as - Contains run-as application
sdcard - Contains sdcard application, it is a program that uses FUSE to emulate FAT-on-sdcard style
sh - Contains sh application
toolbox - Contains small useful application that are part of the Android operating system
Contains extra utility and application such as - timeinfo, fat utility, ext4 utility, etc
bugmailer - utility to send bug report
cpustats -
ext4_utils - folder contains ext4 utilities
fatblock - utility to move file or image to a block device
latencytop - latency top utility
libc_test -
libpagemap - page map libraries
librank - process libaries viewing utility
libublock - device block utility
micro_bench - micro benchmark utility to measure time for certain operation
procmem - utility to show process memory
procrank - process rank utility
sane_schedstat - schedule statistics utility
showmap - show memory map for a particular process
showslab - Kernel slab allocator statistics utility
sound - Utility to play.wav file
su - su utility
tests - contains test cases
binder - contains test cases
bionic - This directory contains a set of tests for Android's Bionic C library.
cpueater - CPU eating test
directiotest - direct IO test
framebuffer - framebuffer test
fstest - file system test
icachetest - cache test case
include - contain header file for test utilities
iptables - qtaguid socket test
lib - contain implementation code for test utilities
memtest - memory test
pftest - memory pagefile test
schedtest - scheduling test case
sdcard - SD card test case
timetest - time test case
wifi - WiFi load, scan, associate, unload stress test
timeinfo - time info
Audio related samples and utilties
audio_effects - header files for audio effects such as bass, equalizer, etc
audio_utils - echo reference audio module
Networking daemon and framework such as PPP, DNS Listener.
keystore -
keystore-engine -
softkeymaster -
Volume Daemon is a program that can automatically mount your CD-Roms, USB-Memory Sticks, iPods and other removable Media.
23. vendors
This directory contains vendors specific libraries. Most of the proprietary binary libraries from non-open source projects are stored here when building AOSP